The required documents vary according to the shipments, but in general, it is essential to have a proforma or Turkish invoice and bill of lading or instruction.
EXW (Ex Works - Delivery in a commercial enterprise) Features of the delivery method: The seller notifies the buyer by keeping the goods ready for the buyer's order on the previously determined date. The buyer receives the goods from the enterprise and prepares the necessary documents for export, completes the customs procedures and imports the goods into his country. All costs and risks and other obligations related to the goods are borne by the buyer after the delivery of the goods at the enterprise.
Seller's Responsibilities: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract and keeps the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the place (factory, warehouse, office, etc.) specified in the agreement on the specified date or within the specified period. Notifies the buyer that the goods are kept ready for his order. Assists the buyer to obtain documents related to export. If requested by the buyer, it makes an agreement with the transportation agency at the buyer's expense and risk, and sends the transportation document issued by it to receive the goods at the destination.
Buyer's Responsibilities: Pays the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. It issues the administrative and commercial documents such as licenses, etc. required for export and import transactions at its own expense and risk. It is responsible for having the customs procedures related to the export and import of the goods and paying the customs duties. All risks and expenses related to the goods are the responsibility of the buyer from the moment of receipt of the goods at the seller's premises. The buyer pays the freight by agreeing with the transportation agency for the transportation of the goods.
Although this term regulates the procedure for the buyer to pick up the relevant goods from the seller's address, the provisions of the Law on the Protection of the Value of Turkish Currency and the Decree No. 32 issued pursuant to this Law must be taken into account.
FCA (Free Carrier - Delivery to the Carrier at the Designated Location) Features of the delivery method: In this form of delivery, the seller completes the customs procedures and transfers the goods to the custody of the first carrier at the specified date and place. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods pass to the buyer. The freight fee is paid by the buyer like all other expenses.
Seller's Responsibilities: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract, issues the necessary documents required in the buyer's country and pays the Customs costs. Upon the buyer's request, he shall agree with the transportation agency at the buyer's expense. Delivers the goods to the carrier or to the custody of the transportation agent on the specified date and place. Until the moment of delivery, all costs and risks are the obligation of the seller.
Buyer's Responsibilities : Pay the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. It is obliged to pay customs duties and costs by obtaining documents or permits related to import. It pays the freight fee by making an agreement with the transportation agency. Receives the goods on the specified date and place.From this moment on, all costs and risks belong to the buyer.
This term may be used for any mode of transportation, including multimodal transportation. "Carrier" means any person who, under a contract of carriage, undertakes or undertakes to provide for the carriage of goods by rail, road, sea, air, river or a combination of some of them.
If the buyer has instructed the seller to deliver the cargo to a particular person, for example a person who is not himself a carrier but who provides transportation services, the seller shall be deemed to have fulfilled his obligation to deliver the goods as soon as the goods are in the hands of that person. "Transport Terminal" may be any railway or freight station, a container terminal or park, a multi-purpose freight terminal or any other similar point of receipt.
The term "container" is used to describe any vehicle in which cargo is unitized. For example, any type of container and/or freight wagon, trailer, swap, ro-ro vehicle, igloo falls under this term and applies to any mode of transportation.
Although it is similar to the term FOB, the main difference is that in FOB, the delivery point is only the ship, while in FCA, it can be the chassis of any transportation vehicle (truck or wagon). In case of multiple transportation, the first means of transport will be decisive.
Characteristics of the FAS (Free Alongside Ship) form of delivery: In this form of delivery, the seller is responsible for bringing the goods to the ship. If the goods are at the dock of the ship, they are delivered by bringing them to the loading place, if the ship is anchored offshore, they are delivered by taking them to the side of the ship with barges.
From the time of delivery, risks such as loss or damage of the goods belong to the buyer. From this moment on, all costs and freight related to the goods are borne by the buyer. In this form of delivery, all documents related to export are prepared by the buyer. Customs procedures are also carried out by the buyer. If the buyer company is not able to act as an exporter in this country, this delivery method should not be chosen. Seller's Responsibilities : The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. At the request of the buyer, at the buyer's expense and at the buyer's risk, the seller assists the buyer in obtaining the necessary documents and similar administrative and commercial documents required in the buyer's country.The goods are delivered at the designated port, on the specified date, to the ship previously determined by the buyer and the delivery process is completed. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods pass to the buyer. At the buyer's request, the seller shall arrange for the issuance of the loading document at the buyer's expense, send it to the buyer to receive the goods at the port of destination. And shall give the necessary notices without delay.
Responsibilities of the buyer : Pay the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Prepares the necessary documents related to export and import, pays all customs charges. By making an agreement with the transportation agency, he informs the seller about the approximate time of arrival of the ship to the loading port. Receives the goods kept ready for loading order. From this moment on, all costs and risks belong to the buyer.
The term FAS envisages the completion of the export of the goods by the buyer. The term should not be used where it is not possible for the buyer to complete such transactions directly or indirectly through the use of an intermediary. Furthermore, this term may only be used in the context of sea or river transportation.
FOB (Free On Board) Characteristics of this form of delivery: In this form of delivery, the seller loads the goods on the ship provided by the buyer at the specified date and place. Any damage, loss and expenses that may occur after the goods pass to the deck of the ship are the responsibility of the buyer. The seller prepares all the necessary documents for export and delivers the goods by completing the customs procedures.
Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. It loads the ship provided by the buyer at the determined port on the determined date. It prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country and completes the customs procedures. Notifies the buyer that the loading has been made. Prepares the transportation document and other necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country and sends them to the buyer according to the payment method. Any damage and loss that may occur until the goods pass the ship's railing (deck) is the responsibility of the seller.
Buyer's responsibility: Pays for the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Completes customs procedures by issuing customs documents for import. Pays customs duties. Makes an agreement with the transportation agency and pays the freight. After the goods pass the ship's railing at the loading port, all costs and risks related to the goods are the responsibility of the buyer.
Features of the CFR (Cost And Freight) delivery method: In this form of delivery, the seller assumes all costs and risks and brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded. Customs procedures are carried out and the freight fee is paid and the loading is realized. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods other than freight belong to the buyer.
Seller's Responsibility : The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country. Completes customs procedures. He makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee until the port of destination. After the goods pass the ship's railing, all costs and risks other than freight belong to the buyer. The seller notifies the buyer that the loading has taken place and the probable date of arrival. He sends the issued transport document and other necessary documents to the buyer.
Buyer's responsibility: Pays for the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Completes customs procedures by issuing customs documents for import. Pays customs duties. Unloads the goods at the port of destination without delay by paying the unloading costs and port fees. During the transportation period, it has to pay all expenses other than freight related to the goods.
Characteristics of CIF (Cost, Insurance And Freight) Delivery method: In this form of delivery, the seller assumes the insurance premium, freight and loading costs and risks and brings the goods to the port of loading. The seller agrees with and procures the ship agent. It notifies the buyer that the goods in the sales contract are loaded on the specified date and place. The seller shall take out the most comprehensive marine transportation insurance suitable for the type of goods loaded by paying the insurance premium. After the goods are loaded on the ship, the costs other than the freight and insurance premium and any other risks (in the sense of insurance) that may occur pass to the buyer.
Responsibility of the Seller: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country. Completes customs procedures. It makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee until the port of destination. Insures the goods and pays the insurance premium. Informs the buyer about the approximate date when the goods will be at the port of destination. Sends the transportation document and other necessary documents to the buyer. Responsibility of the buyer: Pays the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Completes customs procedures by issuing customs documents for import. Pays customs duties. Unloads the goods at the port of destination without delay by paying the unloading costs and port fees. All costs incurred after the moment of delivery, other than freight and insurance premium, are borne by the buyer.
CPT ("Carriage Paid To...." - "Carriage paid to .....") Characteristics of this form of delivery: This mode of delivery is used especially in multi-vehicle transportation. The seller is obliged to pay the freight until the destination. As a general rule, all risks and expenses other than freight pass to the buyer from the moment the goods are transferred to the custody of the first carrier.
Seller's Responsibility: The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country. Completes customs procedures. He makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee until the port of destination. From the moment it transfers the goods to the custody of the first carrier, it is released from all risks and expenses related to the goods. Notifies the consignee of the delivery and the probable date of arrival.
Responsibility of the buyer: Pays the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Completes customs procedures by issuing customs documents for import. Pays customs duties. From the delivery of the goods to the first carrier, all costs and risks related to the goods other than freight belong to the buyer. Customs expenses that may arise due to transit transportation are also borne by the buyer. If not included in the freight, the buyer pays the unloading costs and receives the endorsed bill of lading from the agency.
CIP ("Carriage and Insurance Paid To..." - "Carriage including insurance, paid to ....") Characteristics of this form of delivery: In this mode of delivery, the seller assumes the insurance premium, freight and loading costs and risks and brings the goods to the port of loading. The seller agrees with and procures a shipping agent. It notifies the buyer that the goods in the sales contract are loaded on the specified date and place. The seller pays the insurance premium and takes out the narrowest comprehensive transportation insurance suitable for the type of goods loaded. However, if the buyer wants insurance against unusual risks (strike, war, natural disasters, etc.), he may request the seller to extend the insurance coverage provided that he pays the premium himself. It is made by the seller with 10% more than the cost of the goods.
Seller's Responsibility : The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Prepares the necessary documents to be used in the buyer's country. Completes customs procedures. Makes a contract with the transportation agency and pays the freight fee until the port of destination. Insures the goods and pays the insurance premium. From the moment it transfers the goods to the custody of the first carrier, it gets rid of the related risks and expenses. From this moment on, all costs and risks related to the goods other than freight and insurance premium belong to the buyer. Notifies the consignee of the delivery and the probable date of arrival.
Buyer's responsibility : Pay the price of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. Completes customs procedures by issuing customs documents for import. Pays customs duties. Unloads the goods at the port of destination without delay by paying the unloading costs and port fees. After the moment of delivery, all costs incurred other than freight and insurance premium are borne by the buyer.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) Features of the delivery method: This mode of delivery is based on the same principles as the DDU mode of delivery; however, in the DDP mode of delivery the seller must also pay the customs duties. It transfers the goods no differently than a local seller in the buyer's country.
Seller's Responsibility : The seller prepares the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. He prepares the necessary documents to be used in his own country and in the Buyer's country. Completes Export and Import Customs procedures. The carrier provides the vehicle and pays the freight fee. All costs and risks related to the goods belong to the seller until delivery.
Responsibility of the buyer: Pay the price and take delivery of the goods in accordance with the terms of the contract. DAT (Delivered At Terminal) DAT: means the provision (delivery) of the goods to the buyer at the destination for unloading by the means of transportation, replacing the earlier DEQ clause and, unlike DEQ, can be used multimodally (for multiple means). The seller bears the costs of transportation of the goods to the designated place / risks of terminal-related damages.
DAP (Delivered At Place) DAP: means the provision (delivery) of goods to the buyer at a specified point for unloading by the means of transportation. DAP replaced the earlier DAF, DES, and DDU. The seller bears the costs of transportation of the goods to the designated location / risks of terminal-related damages.
